Quando Portugal "mandava" no Mundo - TRATADO DE TORDESILHAS
O Tratado de Tordesilhas, foi assinado na povoação castelhana de Tordesilhas no dia 7 de Junho de 1494, envolvendo os reinos de Portugal e Castela - D. João II e D. Fernando II de Aragão.
Este Tratado foi um tratado celebrado entre o Reino de Portugal e o recém-formado Reino da Espanha para dividir as terras “descobertas e por descobrir” por ambos os Reinos fora da Europa.
Este Tratado surgiu na sequência da contestação portuguesa às pretensões da Coroa espanhola resultantes da viagem de Cristóvão Colombo, que ano e meio antes chegara ao chamado Novo Mundo, reclamando-o oficialmente para Isabel, a Católica.
O Tratado de Tordesilhas definia como linha de demarcação o meridiano 370 léguas a oeste da ilha de Santo Antão no arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Esta linha estava situada a meio caminho entre estas ilhas (então portuguesas) e as ilhas das Caraíbas descobertas por Colombo, no tratado referidas como “Cipango” e Antília.Os territórios a leste deste meridiano pertenceriam a Portugal e os territórios a oeste, à Espanha. O Tratado foi ratificado pela Espanha a 2 de Julho e por Portugal a 5 de Setembro no ano de 1494.
Assim, no âmbito dos conceitos internacionais europeus, a assinatura do Tratado de Tordesilhas ocorreu num momento de transição entre a hegemonia do Papado, poder até então universalista, e a afirmação do poder singular e secular dos monarcas nacionais – uma das muitas facetas da transição da Idade Média para a Idade Moderna.
Na altura em que foi assinado, o Tratado de Tordesilhas garantia a Portugal o domínio das águas do Atlântico Sul, essencial para a manobra náutica então conhecida como volta do mar, empregada para evitar as correntes marítimas que empurravam para o norte as embarcações que navegassem junto à costa sudoeste africana, e permitindo a ultrapassagem do cabo da Boa Esperança.
Nos anos que se seguiram Portugal prosseguiu no seu projecto de alcançar a Índia, o que foi finalmente alcançado pela frota de Vasco da Gama, na sua primeira viagem de 1497-1499.
Com a viagem do nosso conhecido Pedro Álvares Cabral à Índia, a costa do Brasil foi atingida (Abril de 1500) pelos Portugueses, o que séculos mais tarde viria a abrir uma polémica historiográfica acerca do “acaso” ou da “intencionalidade” da descoberta.
sexta-feira, 6 de abril de 2018
Portugal Economic Outlook
Detailed GDP data confirmed that the economy grew at a solid rate in the final quarter of last year, propelled by a surge in export growth.
Available information for the start of 2018 suggests that the solid momentum spilled over into the new year. Industrial production growth gained steam in January, and the unemployment rate edged down to a multi-year low in the same month.
The economy staged an impressive turnaround from crisis in recent years, and growth surged to a nearly two-decade high in 2017, in part thanks to a thriving tourism sector.
Although high public debt levels remain a cause for concern, the government has taken steps to reduce imbalances.
In March, the European Commission removed Portugal from its list of countries with excessive economic imbalances.
Detailed GDP data confirmed that the economy grew at a solid rate in the final quarter of last year, propelled by a surge in export growth.
Available information for the start of 2018 suggests that the solid momentum spilled over into the new year. Industrial production growth gained steam in January, and the unemployment rate edged down to a multi-year low in the same month.
The economy staged an impressive turnaround from crisis in recent years, and growth surged to a nearly two-decade high in 2017, in part thanks to a thriving tourism sector.
Although high public debt levels remain a cause for concern, the government has taken steps to reduce imbalances.
In March, the European Commission removed Portugal from its list of countries with excessive economic imbalances.
Portugal Fixed Investment Forecast
It's expect fixed investment to increase 4.3% in 2018, which is up 0.5 percentage points from last month’s forecast, and 4.0% in 2019.
Experts expect private consumption to grow 2.0% in 2018, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month’s forecast, and 1.7% in 2019.
It's expect fixed investment to increase 4.3% in 2018, which is up 0.5 percentage points from last month’s forecast, and 4.0% in 2019.
Experts expect private consumption to grow 2.0% in 2018, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month’s forecast, and 1.7% in 2019.
Portugal: Consumer confidence and economic sentiment improve in March
According to the recent survey of consumer sentiment released by the National Statistics Institute (INE) on 27 March, consumer confidence shot up to 2.8 points in March from 1.6 points in February. It moved further up from the critical zero-point threshold that separates optimism from pessimism; the indicator has been in optimistic territory since April of last year.
Underpinning the improvement in overall sentiment was consumers’ more favorable outlook on their personal financial situation in the coming 12 months, along with more optimism regarding unemployment over the same period.
An upturn in these sub-components more than offset slightly more pessimistic views on the general economic situation and savings ability over the next 12 months.
The overall economic climate indicator edged up to 2.1 points in March after remaining stable at 1.9 points in the preceding three months.
There was an upturn in economic sentiment in the construction and public works sector owing to improved outlooks on current order books and employment over the next three months.
On the other hand, business sentiment in the manufacturing sector moderated slightly over less optimism on stocks of finished goods and production in the next three months.
The services sector also registered more downbeat sentiment over the business situation and demand in the next three months. Meanwhile, sentiment in the trade sector remained unchanged from the previous month.
According to the recent survey of consumer sentiment released by the National Statistics Institute (INE) on 27 March, consumer confidence shot up to 2.8 points in March from 1.6 points in February. It moved further up from the critical zero-point threshold that separates optimism from pessimism; the indicator has been in optimistic territory since April of last year.
Underpinning the improvement in overall sentiment was consumers’ more favorable outlook on their personal financial situation in the coming 12 months, along with more optimism regarding unemployment over the same period.
An upturn in these sub-components more than offset slightly more pessimistic views on the general economic situation and savings ability over the next 12 months.
The overall economic climate indicator edged up to 2.1 points in March after remaining stable at 1.9 points in the preceding three months.
There was an upturn in economic sentiment in the construction and public works sector owing to improved outlooks on current order books and employment over the next three months.
On the other hand, business sentiment in the manufacturing sector moderated slightly over less optimism on stocks of finished goods and production in the next three months.
The services sector also registered more downbeat sentiment over the business situation and demand in the next three months. Meanwhile, sentiment in the trade sector remained unchanged from the previous month.
Subscrever:
Mensagens (Atom)